The Political, Civilizational, and Military Role of al-Sayyd Abu Ḥafṣ ‘Umar Almohadi in the Maghreb and Andalusia 548-575 A.H / 1153-1180 A.D.

Abstract

This study examines the history of the Sayyid Abū Ḥafṣ ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-Mu’min, one of the most prominent leaders of the Almohad state in its formative stage. He was the son of the first caliph of the Almohad state and spent most of his life serving the state and stabilizing its foundations. This study first examines the details of his life history and then turns to his administrative and political role in the Maghreb and Andalusia, as well as his military role, whether in defeating the revolts against the Almohads in the Maghreb and Andalusia, or leading the jihad against the Christian kingdoms in Andalusia. The Sayyid Abū Ḥafṣ ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-Mu’min played an active role in removing his elder brother Muḥammad from the caliphate and pledging his allegiance to his brother Abū Ya‘qūb Yūsuf. He was a successful administrative, political and mililtary figure who held the position of vizier and deputy caliph, and led the Almohad armies in many battles.