Spatial Characteristics of The Distribution of Settlements In The Governorate Of Jerash By Using Geographic Information System

Abstract

This study focuses on the characteristics of the spatial distribution of settlements in the governorate of Jerash, by using spatial analysis tools included in Geographic Information System programs, The results of the study showed center point for the distribution of settlements in the governorate. So, it identified the mean center and weighted mean center (According to the Population), also was identified the central feature, and weighted central feature, where it appeared near between each other clearly. In addition, it calculates weighted standard distance to determine the spread of settlements and the direction of the distribution of settlements to show how the dispersion of settlements around its weighted mean center. As it turns out from the analysis of the results of the study that the distribution of settlements are closer to the random-separate spatial pattern by applying nearest neighbor analysis. And furthermore indicated value of coefficient Moran's to random spatial autocorrelation between localities of the governorate of Jerash, taking into account the number of people in each settlement. Also the study results showed the locations of population concentration as point, and on the form of rings reflect the population density of settlements in each zone. And finally, the results of the study showed a drawing area (regions) Centers of settlements using Theissen polygons and determine the spatial efficiency on the light. Finally, the study provided some of the recommendations and suggestions which will hopefully be used in the development of settlements in Jerash governorate.